The Status and Occurrence of White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) in British Columbia. By Rick Toochin and Don Cecile. Revised: January 28, 2025.

 

The White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) is a species found breeding in western North America from eastern Oregon in the Harney Basin, in the central and northern California at the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, across southern Idaho, Montana, across eastern North and South Dakota, northwestern Iowa, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas and Louisiana (Ryder and Manry 1994). The White-faced Ibis also breeds in Mexico in the states of Durango and Jalisco, and as far south as Tampico Lagoons (100 pairs) and Tabasco Lagoons (500 birds), but the Mexican breeding distribution is poorly known (Ryder and Manry 1994). The White-faced Ibis also is found in South America, mainly in southwestern Peru, central Bolivia, Paraguay, and extreme southern Brazil (Short 1975, Sick 1993) south to central Chile and central Argentina (Blake 1977, Fjeldså and Krabbe 1990). In previously published literature, Hancock et al. (1992) consider that previously accepted nesting records in Venezuela and Colombia (AOU 1983) actually refer to the very similar looking Glossy Ibis (Gochfeld 1973). Recent analysis of banding recoveries seems to support this conclusion (Ryder and Manry 1994). The White-faced Ibis winter primarily in coastal Louisiana and Texas, south to the Mexican states of Guerrero, Puebla, and Tabasco, and occasionally to Guatemala (Land 1970) and Costa Rica (Stiles and Skutch 1989). There are also wintering White-faced Ibis that can be found at Los Banos and the Salton Sea, in California (Ryder and Manry 1994). This species is also found locally wintering in southern California, and in the lower Colorado River Valley of Arizona (Rosenberg et al. 1991).

 

The White-faced Ibis wanders throughout much of eastern North America with records from many different states and Provinces. In the west, the White-faced Ibis is an irruptive species in Washington State that has dramatically increased in the frequency of records since 1981 (Wahl et al. 2005). Most records come from the east side of the state from the Columbia basin, however, there are many records from the west side of Washington State (Wahl et al. 2005). Birds pushing northward, especially in the spring, is a result of drought and a lack of breeding habitat in the south (Wahl et al. 2005). In British Columbia, the White-faced Ibis is a casually occurring species but increasing to point of becoming an annually recorded species in the Province (Toochin et al. 2014a, see Table 1). There are no records for Alaska (Gibson et al. 2013).

 

The identification of the White-faced Ibis is covered in all standard North American field guides. 

The following description is taken from Ryder and Manry (1994). This species is a medium-sized wading bird, dark maroon brown with long neck, long, decurved bill, and long legs. The total length of the bird is 46–56 cm, the weight 450–525 grams. The bill, legs, and toes are blackish. In Alternate (breeding) plumage, the head, neck, upper back, wing coverts, and the undersides are a dark chestnut-maroon colour with a metallic green and bronze sheen. The wings have purplish overtones. The bare facial skin becomes reddish purple in the spring. Also in the spring, the white feathers appear on head separating forehead from face, extending completely around the back of the eye. The iris is reddish-brown. Adult alternate plumaged White-faced Ibis is distinguished from Alternate plumaged Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) by a red versus brown iris, red versus blackish facial skin, all red versus all grayish legs, and the border of white feathers which completely separates the bill and the eye from the rest of the dark head. The Glossy Ibis lacks these white feathers, but has dark loral skin connecting the bill and eyes. This skin is margined above and below with a narrow strip of very pale skin. This marking superficially resembles the white feather border of the White-faced Ibis, but it does not encircle the back of the eye as on a White-faced Ibis (Kaufman 1990). Immatures of both species are difficult to separate until White-faced Ibis develops a red iris (often during the first fall). Basic (nonbreeding) plumaged adults often indistinguishable from Basic plumaged Glossy Ibis, but White-faced Ibis has a red versus brown iris, dark facial skin with no border of white feathers. The Glossy Ibis retains pale edges on the dark loral skin throughout the winter, but this character is sometimes difficult to see (Kaufman 1990).

 

It is important to try and photograph any Ibis encountered in immature and winter plumage on the chance it could be a wayward Glossy Ibis. Outside of breeding plumaged adults, the identification on all other plumages requires good, detailed views to make a safe identification. 

 

In British Columbia, the White-faced Ibis is a casual species but records has exploded in frequency in the past number of years and there are now 100 Provincial records and counting (Toochin et al. 2014a, see Table 1). There are 73 records from the spring migration period from April 1 –June 10 (Toochin et al. 2014a, see Table 1 and Table 2). The birds that have turned up in this time period are likely spring overshoots in migration as there are no breeding records for British Columbia (Toochin et al. 2014a, see Table 1 and Table 2). One of the main factors that drives this bird north in the spring is when there are severe drought conditions in the species’ core range (Ryder and Manry 1994, Wahl et al. 2005). This explanation does fit many records that involve multiple birds, but some birds could just be overshoots that were thrown off course by large weather events. There are no confirmed breeding records for British Columbia with only 9 summer records in the July – August time period (Toochin et al. 2014a, see Table 1 and Table 2). The lack of breeding evidence is reflected in that there are only 12 fall records from the September – November time period with a single record reaching into December (Toochin et al. 2014a, see Table 1 and Table 2). It is likely these birds were birds that became off course in the fall or were possibly post breeding wanderers that went too far north of their core range. This species has occurred throughout British Columbia with 59 records from the interior, 10 records from the Vancouver area, 11 records for the Fraser Valley, 17 from Vancouver Island, and 2 from Haida Gwaii (Toochin et al. 2014a, see Table 1 and 2). It is likely this species will continue to venture north in the future. It is important for all observers to be aware that Glossy Ibis could turn up in the Province as a vagrant and all fall birds should be photographed and carefully examined for this potential species.

 

1.(1) 1800's: Saltspring lsland (Fannin 1891, Kermode 1904, Macoun and  Macoun 1909)

2.(1) 1800’s: Richmond (Fannin 1891)

3.(1) sub-adult summer 1902: Allan Brooks (specimen: RBCM 1587) Luckakuck Creek, Chilliwack (Brooks 1917, Campbell et al. 1990a)

4.(2) adults May 9-12, 1968: (RBCM Photo 257) Wasa Lake, Cranbrook (Eastman 1974)

5.(1) adult  May 24, 1982: Keith Taylor: Quick's Bottom (Anonymous 1982h, Campbell et al. 1990a)  

6.(1) adult May 24, 1982: Yorke Edwards:  Beach Dr., Oak Bay (Anonymous 1983j, Campbell et al. 1990a) (likely different bird to the one above)

7.(3) adults May 17-20, 1983: Barry Zettergreen (RBCM Photo 1216) Gadsden-Burgess Provincial Park, near Golden (Zettergreen 1988)

8.(1) adult July 20, 1983: Keith Taylor, Charles Harper: Cordova Spit, Central Saanich (Anonymous 1983j, Campbell 1983c, Campbell et al. 1990a)   

9.(1) adult May 22-31, 1985: Separation Lake, near Kamloops (Campbell 1985c, Campbell et al. 1990a)

10.(1) immature molted into adult November 2, 1986-May 8, 1987: H. & R. Williams, mobs (Photo 1148) Port Hardy (Fraser 1987a, Campbell 1987a, Campbell et al. 1990a)

11.(1) immature October 14 & 18-19, 1989: Gordon Houston, Shane Ford, and other observers: Central Saanich (Weber and Cannings 1990)

12.(1) adult April 13-22, 1994: Kathy Jones, Barbara Kemmis, mobs (photo) Kelowna (Bowling 1994a, Charlesworth 1994, Davidson 1995)

13.(1) age unknown September 29-October 13, 1995: Marion Innes, Beety Hagen, Rosamund Pojar, mobs (photo) Allen Ranch, Kispiox (Bowling 1996a)

14.(1) adult May 4-June 3, 1998: fide Vancouver Bird Alert (photo) Drury Inlet (R. Toochin Pers. Comm.)

15.(1) adult September 20, 1999: Vision Foundation (photo) Courtenay Airpark, Courtenay (Shepard 2000) 

16.(1) adult June 8, 2000: Tim Pirk : Iona Island Sewage Ponds, Richmond (Toochin et al. 2014c)

17.(1) immature November 3, 2001: N. Bourne:  Naniamo (Bain 2001f) 

18.(7) adults May 14-17, 2001: Emily Watts, and other observers (photo) Somenos Marsh, Duncan (Cecile 2001b) 

     (3) adults May 19 & 28, 2001: Derrick Marven, and other observers (photo) Somenos Marsh, Duncan (Cecile 2001b)

19.(2) adults May 18-19, 2001: fide Guy Monty  (photo) Sayward (Cecile 2001b)

20.(1) adult May 17, 2002: mobs : Creston (Linda Van Damme Pers. Comm.)

21.(10) adults May 21-27, 2002:  mobs (photo) Elizabeth Lake, Cranbrook (Cecile 2002c)

22.(1) adult July 28, 2002: mobs : Creston (Linda Van Damme Pers. Comm.)

23.(1) immature September 18 & 20, 2003: KLo, MTo & RTo: 96th-104th St., Boundary Bay, Delta & Highway 91, Surrey (Toochin et al. 2014c)

      (1) immature September 27, 2003: near 67th Ave. and 176th St., Cloverdale (Toochin et al. 2014c)

24.(1) adult May 5, 2004: mobs : Irrigation Fields, Cranbrook (Toochin et al. 2014a)

25.(1) immature October 13-14, 2004: Brian & Margaret Charma (photo) Latetia Creek, Sandspit, Haida Gwaii (Cecile 2005a)

26.(10) adults May 23, 2006: Dean Nicholson (photo) Elizabeth Lake, Cranbrook (Cecile 2006c)

27.(3) adults May 9, 2007: fide Linda Van Damme: Leach Lake, Creston (Toochin et al. 2014a)

28.(5) adults May 17, 2008: Rick Toochin: Sooke (Toochin et al. 2014b)  

29.(1) adult June 3, 2009: mobs : Kelowna (Toochin et al. 2014a)

30.(1) adult May 13 & 15, 2012: Gary Breault (photo) Speers Road, Creston (Toochin et al. 2014a)

31.(1) adult May 20, 2012: Gwynneth Wilson, mobs (photo) (Toochin et al. 2014a)

32.(1) adult May 10, 2013: Dean Nicholson, mobs (photo) Cranbrook (Toochin et al. 2014a)

33.(1) adult May 31, 2013: Andrew Cooke, mobs (photo) Mandarte Island, off Sidney (J. Fenneman Pers. Comm.)

      (1) adult June 6, 2013: Tim Hickanaly: Victoria Harbour along Westsong Way below Barnard Park (Toochin et al. 2014b)

34.(1) adult May 14-17, 2014: mobs: Wilmer (Toochin et al. 2014a)

35.(60+) adults May 14, 2014: mobs: Bummer Flats, near Cranbrook (Toochin et al. 2014a)

36.(12) adults May 13-16, 2015: Chris Chutter, mobs (photo) Separation Lake, near Kamloops (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (2-6) adults May 17-19, 2015: Daryl Livingstone, mobs: Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

      (1) adult May 18, 2015: Tod Kohler: Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

     (6) adults May 19, 2015: Wayne Weber: Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

     (2) adults May 23, 2015: Daryl Livingstone, mobs: Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

     (6) adults May 24, 2015: Caroline Knox: Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)              

     (1-5) adults May 30, 2015: Quentin Brown, mobs (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

    (1) adult June 1, 2015: Darcie Arcand (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

    (1-2) adults June 2-22, 2015: mobs (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

    (1) adult July 6, 2015: Len and Dianne Jellicoe (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

    (3) adults July 8, 2015: Alan Burger (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

    (2) adults July 10, 2015: Rob Lyske (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

    (1) adult July 12, 2015: Dan and Rick Tyson (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

    (1) adult July 18, 2015: Wayne, Thor and Brent Diakow (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

    (2) adults July 20, 2015: Rick Howie, mobs (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

    (4) adults August 10, 2015: Steve Ansell, mobs (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

    (2) adults September 7, 2015: David and Paul Baker (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, along Highway 5A (D. Baker Pers. Comm.)

37.(1) adult May 17, 2015: Wayne and Brent Diakow: Revelstoke ( D. Cecile  Pers. Comm.)

38.(1) juvenile September 10, 2015: Nathan Polak, mobs (photo) Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Ladner (J. Fenneman Pers. Comm.)

39.(1) immature September 24, 2015: Dusty Veideman, mobs (photo) Revelstoke ( D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

40.(2) adults May 14, 2016: Dean Nicholson: Reader Lake, near Cranbrook (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

41.(7) adults May 20, 2016: Geoffrey Newell: Blenkinsop Lake area, Saanich (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

42.(2) adults in breeding plumage May 20, 2016: Rick Toochin: flying along Fraser River past Matsqui Dyke (R. Toochin Pers. Comm.)

43.(1) worn adult July 17-22, 2016: Wayne Diakow, mobs (photo) Reifel Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Ladner (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

     (1) adult July 22-31, 2016: Richard Swanston, mobs: Brunswick Point, Delta (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

44.(1) adult breeding plumage May 18, 2017: Peter Hamel (photo) Sandspit Airport, Haida Gwaii (P. Hamel Pers. Comm.)

     (1) adult breeding plumage May 24, 2017: Liz and Jim Singbeil (photo) Delkatla Wildlife Sanctuary, Masset, Haida Gwaii (P. Hamel Pers. Comm.) 

45.(7) adults May 5, 2018: Bobby Dailey (photo) Elizabeth Lake, Cranbrook (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

46.(1) adult May 5, 2018: Kalin Ocana (photo) Mission Creek, Kelowna (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

47.(2) adults May 7, 2018: Rick Toochin: Sumas Prairie, Abbotsford (R. Toochin Pers. Comm.)

48.(1) adult May 26-27, 2018: Paul Prappas, mobs (photo) Speers Road, Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

49.(13) adults May 28, 2018: David Fraser: flying low over sw corner of Blanshard St., and Tolmie Ave., Victoria (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

50.(2) winter plumage October 19, 2019: Rick Skerry (photo) Nicomen Slough, off Johnson Road (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

51.(2) adults breeding plumage May 11, 2020: Alan Barnard, mobs (photo) Wardner (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (3) adults breeding plumage May 11, 2020: Rob Woods, mobs (photo) Wardner (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (6) adults breeding plumage May 12-14, 2020: Bobby Dailey, mobs (photo) Wardner (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

52.(16) adults breeding plumage May 11, 2020: Paul Foth, mobs (photo) SE corner of Duck Lake, Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

53.(18) adults May 12, 2020: Wayne Diakow and Paul Clarke (photo) Iona Island Regional Park, Richmond (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (20) adults May 13, 2020: Ben Christie, mobs (photo) first found on Fraser River off Terra Nova and later Garry Point, Richmond (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

     (4) adults May 18, 2020: Alex and Jana Chlupova (photo) off Terra Nova, Richmond (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

     (3) adults May 19-22, 2020: mobs (photo) on Sea Island across from 2860 River Road, Richmond (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

     (1) adults breeding plumage May 23, 2020: mobs (photo) Iona Island Regional Park, Richmond (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

54.(34) adults May 13, 2020: Rick Toochin: flying east over the Hope Airport (R. Toochin Pers. Comm.)

55.(2) adults May 14, 2020: unknown observer (photo) McDonald Road South, near Tranmer Road, Agassiz (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

56.(3) adults breeding plumage May 18-26, 2020: Katya Kordratynuk (photo) Serpentine Fen (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

57.(1) adult breeding plumage May 19-21, 2020: Ryan Schultz, mobs (photo) Maiden Lake, Fernie (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

58.(8) adults May 20, 2020: Rick Toochin, Paul Baker: flying along Fraser River, Matsqui Trail, Matsqui (R. Toochin Pers. Comm.)

59.(1) adult breeding plumage May 22, 2020: Jimmy Abbott, mobs (photo) Squamish River Estuary (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

60.(7) adult breeding plumage May 22, 2020: Steve Ogle: Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

61.(1) adult breeding plumage May 22, 2020: Dave Beeke (photo) Prest Road, Chilliwack (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

62.(1) adult breeding plumage May 4, 2021: Anne Mckinnell (photo) Campbell River Estuary, Campbell River (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

63.(2) adults breeding plumage May 7-8, 2021: Dianne Cooper, mobs (photo) Prairie Road, off Highway 93, in Wasa Slough, Wasa (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (3) adults breeding plumage May 9, 2021: Bobby Dailey, mobs (photo) Prairie Road, off Highway 93, in Wasa Slough, Wasa (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (10) adults breeding plumage May 15, 2021: Ian Adams, mobs (photo) Prairie Road, off Highway 93, in Wasa Slough, Wasa (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

63.(1) adult May 12-14, 2021: Teresa Weismiller, mobs (photo) Pembina Propane Terminal, Watson Island, Port Edward (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

64.(3-5) adults May 12-14, 2021: Chris Drysdale, mobs (photo) Duck Lake, Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (22) adults May 19, 2021: Chris Drysdale, mobs (photo) Duck Lake, Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

65.(3) adults May 16-17, 2021: Greg Scott: Athalmen Slough, Invermere (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

66.(1) adult May 18, 2021: Alan Barnard, Mike Bentley (photo) slough near Ha Ha Creek, Wardner (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

67.(1) adult May 18, 2021: Craig Sandvig (photo) Selkirk College Trail, Castlegar (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

68.(12-16) adults May 19-29, 2021: Doug Hogg, mobs (photo) Elizabeth Lake, Cranbrook (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

69.(1) adult May 19-20, 2021: Michael Morris, mobs (photo) slough on Machete Island Road, Revelstoke (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

70.(107) adults May 21-30, 2021: Brian Wesley, mobs (photo) Trecher’s Slough, Brisco (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

71.(80) adults May 23, 2021: Kristen Mancuso, Stephanie Winton, Morgan Galloway, Jared Maida: flying over Penticton (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

72.(18) adults May 23, 2021: David Gilmour, mobs (photo) McGowan Park, Kamloops (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (3) adults May 23, 2021: Tom Beeke, mobs (photo) landed at Separation Lake, Kamloops (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

73.(10) adults May 23, 2021: Robert Parklane: West Lake, Wells Gray Park, Clearwater (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

74.(3) adults May 23, 2021: David Bell and Siobhan Darlighton: Oliver (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

75.(10) adults May 24-25, 2021: Phil Ranson, mobs (photo) 1st flying north at 150-mile house and later at east end of Williams Lake (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

76.(30) adults May 26, 2021: Rick Toochin: flying east over the Hope Airport (R. Toochin Pers. Comm.)

77.(2) adults May 29, 2021: Marc-Andre Beaucher (photo) Leach Lake, Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

78.(1) adult May 30, 2021: Jason Kadonaga (photo) Riverdise Park, Vanderhoof (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

79.(1) adult May 31-June 2, 2021: Scott Thomson (photo) Rawlings Lake, Lumby (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

80.(1) adult June 1, 2021: David Bell (photo) Michaelbrook Golf Course, Thomson Marsh, Kelowna (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)  

81.(1) adult June 5-16, 2021: Michelle Lamberson, mobs (photo) Beaver Ranch Flats, Quilchena (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

82.(1) adult June 5, 2021: Nick Swan and Brad Vissia (photo) Flying north over the mouth of Mission Creek, Kelowna (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

83.(1) adult June 12, 2021: Jeff Dyck (photo) Cranberry Marsh at Starratt Wildlife Sanctuary, Valemount (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

84.(3) adults June 26, 2021: S. Irwin: Nuchatlitz Provincial Park, Nootka Island (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

85.(1) adult July 21, 2021: Paul Foth, mobs (photo) 108 Mile House (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

86.(1) adult July 29, 2021: Corrina Cooke (photo) south of Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

87.(1) immature September 27-October 1, 2021: fide Gord Gadsden (photo) location not disclosed, somewhere in Chilliwack area (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

      (1) immature October 7, 2021: Bentley Colwill (FN) Yale Road near McGrath Road, Rosedale (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

88.(1) immature October 19, 2021: Rob McLean, mobs (photo) flyby at 72nd St., Boundary Bay (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

89.(1) adult May 3, 2022: Russell Hanson: Fernie (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

90.(1) adult May 14, 2022: Dan Parliament, mobs: Brisco (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

91.(1) adult May 21, 2022: Trevor Forder (photo) Kelowna Springs Golf Course, Kelowna (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

92.(1) adult May 23, 2022: Chris Siddle: Otter Lake Road, Vernon (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

93.(1) adult May 27-28, 2022: Norm Tennant, mobs: west ponds, Revelstoke Airport (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

94.(1) adult May 19, 2023: Tana Coetzer (photo) At Pineview Ponds, Kamloops (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

95.(1) immature September 25-October 1, 2023: Julia Proulx, mobs (photo) Carney Pond, Kelowna (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.) 
96.(3) fall plumage July 29 - August 2, 2024: Sachi Snively, mobs (photo) Sunshine Bay, Harrop (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.) 

97.(1) fall plumage August 2, 2024: Craig Sandvig (photo) flying over Selkirk College Trails, Castlegar (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.) 

98.(19) fall plumage August 3-September 1, 2024: Marc-Andre Beaucher, mobs (photo) South end of Kootenay Lake, Creston (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.) 
99.(1) immature September 19, 2024: Debbi Hlady and Phil Wright: Blackie Spit, Surrey [species not determined] (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.) 

100.(1) juvenile September 20- November 2, 2024: Neill Vanhinsberg, mobs (photo) Iona Island Regional Park, Richmond [species not determined] (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

       (1) juvenile November 3, 2024: Debbie Hlady, Yousif Attia: off No. 7 Rd, Richmond [species not determined] (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

       (1) juvenile October 12-November 17, 2024: Kris Mirski, mobs (photo) Brunswick Point, Delta [species not determined] (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)    

       (1) juvenile November 7, 2024-January 25, 2025: F. Rainey, mobs (photo) Garden City Gardens in Richmond [species not determined](D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)   

       (2) juveniles December 2-3, 2024: Dan Tyson, mobs (photo) Garden City Gardens in Richmond [species not determined](D. Cecile Pers. Comm.)

Hypothetical records:

1.(8) adults June 19, 2009: fide David Allinson:  Somenos Marsh, Duncan (Toochin et al. 2014a)

2.(1) age unknown November 3, 2002: fide Jamie Fenneman: Nanaimo (J. Fenneman Pers. Comm.)

3.(1) age unknown  July 16, 2006: fide Jamie Fenneman: Prospect Lake, Saanich (J. Fenneman Pers. Comm.)

4.(1) age unknown September 15, 2020: fide Gord Gadsden: Island 22 Regional Park, Chilliwack (D. Cecile Pers. Comm.) 

I wish to thank Barb McKee for reviewing and editing the manuscript. I also want to thank Al Russell for allowing me to use of his White-faced Ibis photographs from Beaver Ranch Flats and Separation Lake. We also want to thank David Baker for allowing us to use his White-faced Ibis picture from Beaver Ranch Flats. I also wish thank Peter Hamel and Brian & Margaret Charma for allowing us to use the images of the record from Haida Gwaii. Also Kalin Ocana for allowing us to use his White-faced Ibis photograph of a recent Kelowna bird. Also wish to thank Kendra Bisbing for the use of her photographs of a bird found at Garden City Gardens in Richmond. I also wish to thanks David Allinson, Don Cecile, Linda Van Damme, and Jamie Fenneman for details on recent Provincial records. All photos are used with permission of the photographer and are fully protected by copyright law.

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